AWS Cloud Practitioner #25: Exam Preparation - Guía Final

Nombre: AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02)
Duración: 90 minutos
Preguntas: 65 questions
Formato: Multiple choice y multiple response
Passing score: 700/1000 (70%)
Costo: $100 USD
Idiomas: Español, English, y más
Validez: 3 años
 
Tipos de preguntas:
- Single choice (1 respuesta correcta)
- Multiple choice (2+ respuestas correctas)
 
No penalty por respuesta incorrecta
→ Siempre responde (no dejes en blanco)

Domain 1: Cloud Concepts (24%)
- Value proposition de cloud
- Economics de cloud
- Design principles
 
Domain 2: Security & Compliance (30%)
- Shared Responsibility Model
- Security, compliance, governance
- Access management
- Resources de security support
 
Domain 3: Cloud Technology & Services (34%)
- Métodos de deploy
- Global infrastructure
- Core services (compute, database, network, storage)
- Technology support resources
 
Domain 4: Billing, Pricing, & Support (12%)
- Pricing models
- Cost management
- Billing, budgets
- Support plans

✅ Cloud Computing:
   - On-demand, pay-as-you-go
   - IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
 
✅ Global Infrastructure:
   - Regions (30+)
   - Availability Zones (2-6 por region)
   - Edge Locations (450+)
 
✅ Cloud Benefits:
   - Elasticity (scale up/down)
   - Agility (fast deployment)
   - High Availability (Multi-AZ)
   - Cost optimization
 
✅ Well-Architected Framework:
   1. Operational Excellence
   2. Security
   3. Reliability
   4. Performance Efficiency
   5. Cost Optimization
   6. Sustainability
 
✅ Shared Responsibility:
   - AWS: Security OF the cloud
   - Customer: Security IN the cloud

EC2:
- Instance types: T (burstable), M (balanced), C (compute), R (memory)
- Pricing: On-Demand, Reserved (1-3 años), Spot (90% off), Dedicated
- Use: Long-running, stateful
 
Lambda:
- Serverless, event-driven
- Max 15 min execution
- Pricing: Per invocation + GB-seconds
- Free Tier: 1M requests/month
- Use: Short tasks, event-driven

S3:
- Object storage, unlimited
- Storage classes: Standard, IA, Glacier, Deep Archive
- Durability: 11 nines (99.999999999%)
- Use: Backups, static websites, data lakes
 
EBS:
- Block storage para EC2
- Persistent (survives instance termination)
- Types: gp3 (general), io2 (high IOPS)

RDS:
- Managed relational DB
- Engines: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, MariaDB
- Multi-AZ (HA), Read Replicas (performance)
- Use: ACID transactions, complex queries
 
DynamoDB:
- NoSQL, serverless
- Key-value/document store
- Single-digit millisecond latency
- Auto-scaling
- Use: High-scale, simple lookups

VPC:
- Private network en AWS
- Subnets: Public (IGW route) vs. Private (NAT route)
- CIDR: IP range (10.0.0.0/16)
 
Internet Gateway:
- VPC ↔ Internet (bidirectional)
 
NAT Gateway:
- Private subnet → Internet (unidirectional)
- High availability: NAT per AZ
 
Security Groups:
- Stateful firewall (instance-level)
- Allow rules only
- Default: Deny all inbound
 
NACLs:
- Stateless firewall (subnet-level)
- Allow + Deny rules
- Evaluated in order
 
CloudFront:
- CDN (Content Delivery Network)
- 450+ edge locations
- Caches content globally
- Use: Reduce latency, DDoS protection

IAM:
- Users, Groups, Roles, Policies
- Least privilege principle
- MFA para root + critical users
- Roles > Access Keys
 
KMS:
- Key management
- Encryption at rest (S3, EBS, RDS)
- Customer managed keys ($1/month)
 
CloudTrail:
- API call logging (WHO did WHAT)
- Auditing, compliance
- Multi-region trail
 
Config:
- Resource configuration tracking
- Compliance rules
- Auto-remediation

Pricing Models:
- Pay-as-you-go (On-Demand)
- Save with reservations (Reserved, Savings Plans)
- Pay less with volume (S3 tiers)
 
Free Tier:
- 12 months: EC2 750hrs (t2.micro), S3 5GB, RDS 750hrs
- Always: Lambda 1M requests, DynamoDB 25GB
 
Cost Management:
- Cost Explorer: Visualize spending
- Budgets: Set limits + alerts
- Compute Optimizer: Rightsizing
- Tags: Cost allocation
 
Support Plans:
- Basic: Free (forums, documentation)
- Developer: $29+ (business hours)
- Business: $100+ (24/7, <1h production)
- Enterprise: $15K+ (TAM, <15min critical)
 
Trusted Advisor:
- Basic/Dev: 7 core checks
- Business/Enterprise: ALL checks (115+)
- Categories: Cost, Performance, Security, Fault Tolerance, Limits

Messaging:
- SNS: Pub/Sub (1 → many)
- SQS: Queue (producer → consumer)
- Fan-out: SNS + SQS
 
Additional:
- Elastic Beanstalk: PaaS (deploy apps sin server management)
- ECS/EKS: Containers
- Fargate: Serverless containers

CloudFormation:
- Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
- Templates (YAML/JSON)
- Stacks (resources)
- Repeatable, versionable
 
CloudWatch:
- Monitoring: Metrics (CPU, memory)
- Logs: Centralized logging
- Alarms: Threshold-based actions
- Dashboards: Visualization
 
Organizations:
- Multi-account management
- OUs: Organizational Units
- SCPs: Service Control Policies (guardrails)
- Consolidated billing + volume discounts

Migration 6 R's:
1. Rehost: Lift-and-shift (quick)
2. Replatform: Minor optimizations
3. Repurchase: Move to SaaS
4. Refactor: Cloud-native redesign
5. Retire: Decommission
6. Retain: Keep on-premise
 
Snow Family:
- Snowcone: 8 TB
- Snowball: 80 TB
- Snowmobile: 100 PB (truck!)
- Use: Large data transfers (>10 TB)
 
AI/ML:
- Rekognition: Image/video analysis
- Comprehend: NLP
- Polly: Text-to-speech
- Transcribe: Speech-to-text
- Translate: Translation
- SageMaker: Build ML models

1 semana antes:
✅ Review todos los posts de esta serie
✅ Practice questions (AWS Skill Builder)
✅ Review Well-Architected Framework whitepaper
✅ Review Shared Responsibility Model
 
1 día antes:
✅ Review cheat sheet (abajo)
✅ Sleep bien
✅ NO cramming (ya estudiaste)
 
Día del examen:
✅ Llega 15 min early
✅ Usa baño antes
✅ Relax (ya estás preparado)

Time management:
90 min / 65 questions = 1.4 min/question
 
Strategy:
1. Read question completamente
2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers
3. Choose best answer
4. Mark for review si unsure
5. Move on (don't overthink)
 
Tips:
✅ Flag difficult questions, return later
✅ Watch for keywords: "cost-effective", "high availability", "serverless"
✅ Eliminate extremes ("always", "never")
✅ AWS bias (choose AWS services over third-party)
✅ Answer all questions (no penalty)
 
Red flags:
❌ "Best" puede ser subjective
❌ Multiple correct answers (choose MOST correct)
❌ Tricky wording (read carefully)

Compute:
┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ EC2: VMs (control, long-running)         │
│ Lambda: Serverless (short, event-driven) │
│ Elastic Beanstalk: PaaS (no infra)       │
│ ECS/EKS: Containers                      │
└──────────────────────────────────────────┘
 
Storage:
┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ S3: Object storage (unlimited)           │
│ EBS: Block storage (EC2 volumes)         │
│ EFS: File storage (shared NFS)           │
│ Glacier: Archive (cheap, slow retrieval) │
└──────────────────────────────────────────┘
 
Database:
┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ RDS: Managed SQL (ACID, complex queries) │
│ DynamoDB: NoSQL (serverless, fast)       │
│ Aurora: High-performance MySQL/PostgreSQL│
│ Redshift: Data warehouse (analytics)     │
└──────────────────────────────────────────┘
 
Networking:
┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ VPC: Private network                     │
│ CloudFront: CDN (global caching)         │
│ Route 53: DNS                            │
│ Direct Connect: Dedicated connection     │
└──────────────────────────────────────────┘

Need control of OS? → YES → EC2
                   → NO → Lambda or Elastic Beanstalk
 
Execution > 15 min? → YES → EC2
                    → NO → Lambda
 
Event-driven? → YES → Lambda
              → NO → EC2

Need SQL? → YES → Complex queries? → YES → RDS
                                   → NO → RDS or Aurora
          → NO → DynamoDB
 
Need ACID? → YES → RDS
           → NO → DynamoDB
 
Massive scale? → YES → DynamoDB
               → NO → RDS

Object storage? → YES → S3
                → NO → EBS or EFS
 
Shared access? → YES → EFS
               → NO → EBS
 
Archive? → YES → Glacier
         → NO → S3

Análisis:
- Long-term storage → Glacier
- Raramente accedidos → Deep Archive
- Compliance (retention) → S3 lifecycle
 
Respuesta: S3 Glacier Deep Archive ($0.00099/GB/mes)

Análisis:
- Impredecible → On-Demand o Spot
- Spiky → On-Demand (Spot puede terminar)
- No long-term commitment → On-Demand
 
Respuesta: On-Demand
(Para workload predecible 24/7 → Reserved)

Análisis:
- EC2 = IaaS
- Customer gestiona OS
 
Respuesta: Customer
 
(Para RDS: AWS gestiona OS patches)

Análisis:
- WHO/WHAT/WHEN → Auditing
- API calls → CloudTrail
 
Respuesta: CloudTrail
 
(CloudWatch = Performance metrics)

Official AWS:
✅ AWS Skill Builder (free practice exams)
✅ AWS Training and Certification portal
✅ AWS Whitepapers (Well-Architected, etc.)
✅ AWS FAQs (por servicio)
 
Esta serie:
✅ Posts 1-25 (completo)
✅ Diagramas Mermaid
✅ Ejemplos prácticos
✅ Preguntas de práctica
 
Practice:
✅ AWS Skill Builder practice exam
✅ Review incorrect answers
✅ Understand WHY (not just memorize)
 
Exam registration:
aws.training/certification

Semana 1: Fundamentals + Core Services
- Posts 1-8
- Practice: EC2, S3, RDS
 
Semana 2: Networking + Security
- Posts 9-14
- Practice: VPC, IAM, Security Groups
 
Semana 3: Pricing + Additional Services
- Posts 15-20
- Practice: Billing, Lambda, DynamoDB
 
Semana 4: Management + Review
- Posts 21-25
- Practice exams
- Review weak areas
 
Day before exam:
- Review this post (cheat sheet)
- Relax

✅ Cloud fundamentals y AWS infrastructure
✅ 30+ AWS services en detalle
✅ Security best practices
✅ Cost optimization strategies
✅ Real-world architectures
✅ Exam strategies
 
Estás preparado para:
- Aprobar AWS Cloud Practitioner
- Trabajar con AWS
- Tomar decisiones cloud informadas
- Continuar a Associate-level certs

1. Schedule exam:
   aws.training/certification
   Pick date 1-2 semanas away
 
2. Practice exams:
   AWS Skill Builder
   Review incorrect answers
 
3. Day of exam:
   Relax, confident
   You got this!
 
4. After certification:
   - Update LinkedIn
   - Update resume
   - Consider Solutions Architect Associate
   - Keep learning!

¡Felicidades por completar los 25 posts!
 
Esta serie te dio:
- Conocimiento profundo de AWS
- Metodología bottom-up
- Ejemplos reales
- Preparación completa
 
Recuerda:
- No solo memorices, ENTIENDE
- Practica con AWS Free Tier
- Experimenta con services
- Build projects
 
El examen es achievable.
Tu esfuerzo estudiando esta serie valió la pena.
 
¡Mucha suerte!
🎯 You got this!

Antes del examen:
 
Knowledge:
☐ Entiendo 6 R's de migration
☐ Puedo explicar Shared Responsibility
☐ Conozco diferencias EC2/Lambda/Elastic Beanstalk
☐ Entiendo RDS vs. DynamoDB
☐ Sé cuándo usar cada storage class de S3
☐ Comprendo VPC, subnets, routing
☐ Puedo explicar Security Groups vs. NACLs
☐ Conozco los 6 pilares de Well-Architected
☐ Entiendo IAM (users, groups, roles, policies)
☐ Sé diferencias entre CloudWatch/CloudTrail/Config
☐ Comprendo pricing models (On-Demand, Reserved, Spot)
☐ Conozco Support Plans y qué incluyen
☐ Sé qué es consolidate billing
 
Practice:
☐ Completé practice exam de AWS Skill Builder
☐ Score > 80% en practice
☐ Entiendo errors (no solo memoricé)
 
Logistics:
☐ Exam scheduled
☐ ID válido preparado
☐ Location/setup confirmado
☐ Llegada 15 min early planificada

AWS Cloud Practitioner es:
✅ Foundation sólida
✅ Proof de cloud knowledge
✅ Stepping stone
 
Pero learning continúa:
- New services launched constantemente
- Best practices evolucionan
- Technology avanza
 
Next steps:
1. Get certified
2. Build projects
3. Learn by doing
4. Consider:
   - Solutions Architect Associate
   - Developer Associate
   - SysOps Administrator Associate
5. Keep exploring AWS
 
Cloud es futuro.
Tú estás preparado.

Post #1: Welcome to Cloud ✅
Post #2: Global Infrastructure ✅
Post #3: Cloud Superpowers ✅
Post #4: Well-Architected Framework ✅
Post #5: Shared Responsibility ✅
Post #6: EC2 ✅
Post #7: S3 ✅
Post #8: RDS ✅
Post #9: VPC ✅
Post #10: Security Groups & NACLs ✅
Post #11: CloudFront ✅
Post #12: IAM ✅
Post #13: Encryption & KMS ✅
Post #14: CloudTrail ✅
Post #15: Pricing & Billing ✅
Post #16: Cost Management ✅
Post #17: Support Plans ✅
Post #18: DynamoDB ✅
Post #19: Lambda ✅
Post #20: SNS & SQS ✅
Post #21: CloudFormation ✅
Post #22: CloudWatch ✅
Post #23: AWS Organizations ✅
Post #24: Migration & Innovation ✅
Post #25: Exam Preparation ✅
 
SERIE COMPLETA: 25/25 POSTS