AWS Cloud Practitioner #15: AWS Pricing y Billing Fundamentals

Startup lanza MVP en AWS:
 
Mes 1: $50 (Free Tier)
Mes 2: $200 (crecimiento)
Mes 3: $2,000 😱 (¿qué pasó?)
 
Análisis:
- NAT Gateway 24/7: $65/mes
- EBS volumes no usados: $200/mes
- RDS instancia oversized: $450/mes
- Data transfer: $300/mes
- Instances dev corriendo 24/7: $500/mes
 
Total desperdicio: $1,515 (76%)
 
Con optimización:
✅ Delete NAT Gateway cuando no se usa
✅ Delete EBS orphaned
✅ Right-size RDS
✅ Use VPC Endpoint (no data transfer)
✅ Stop instances dev noches/fines de semana
 
Nuevo costo: $485/mes (ahorro 76%)

Pagas solo por lo que usas:
 
No upfront:
✅ No capital expense
✅ No long-term commitments (On-Demand)
✅ Scale up/down libremente
 
Medición granular:
- Compute: Por segundo (mínimo 60s)
- Storage: Por GB/mes
- Data transfer: Por GB
- Requests: Por 1,000 requests

Compromiso 1-3 años = descuento:
 
EC2 Reserved Instances:
On-Demand: $0.096/hora
Reserved 1yr: $0.062/hora (35% ahorro)
Reserved 3yr: $0.039/hora (59% ahorro)
 
Servicios con reservations:
- EC2 (Reserved Instances)
- RDS (Reserved DB Instances)
- ElastiCache
- Redshift
- DynamoDB (Reserved Capacity)

Más uses = menor precio/unidad:
 
S3 Tiered Pricing:
0-50 TB: $0.023/GB
50-500 TB: $0.022/GB
>500 TB: $0.021/GB
 
Data Transfer:
0-10 TB: $0.09/GB
10-50 TB: $0.085/GB
>50 TB: $0.07/GB
 
Ahorro automático al crecer

EC2:
750 hrs/mes t2.micro (Linux/Windows)
= 1 instance 24/7 o múltiples part-time
 
S3:
5 GB storage
20,000 GET requests
2,000 PUT requests
 
RDS:
750 hrs/mes db.t2.micro
20 GB storage
 
Lambda:
1M requests/mes
400,000 GB-seconds compute
 
Elastic Load Balancing:
750 hrs/mes
15 GB data processed

DynamoDB:
25 GB storage
25 WCU/RCU provisioned capacity
 
Lambda:
1M requests/mes (permanente)
 
CloudWatch:
10 custom metrics
10 alarms
 
SNS:
1M publishes/mes
 
CloudFront:
1 TB data transfer out/mes (12 meses)
10M HTTP/HTTPS requests

Time-limited offers:
 
SageMaker:
2 meses gratis (250 hrs)
 
Lightsail:
1 mes gratis
 
Amazon Inspector:
15 días gratis

# Setup budget alert
aws budgets create-budget \
  --account-id 123456789012 \
  --budget '{
    "BudgetName": "Free-Tier-Budget",
    "BudgetLimit": {
      "Amount": "10",
      "Unit": "USD"
    },
    "TimeUnit": "MONTHLY",
    "BudgetType": "COST"
  }' \
  --notifications-with-subscribers '[{
    "Notification": {
      "NotificationType": "ACTUAL",
      "ComparisonOperator": "GREATER_THAN",
      "Threshold": 80
    },
    "Subscribers": [{
      "SubscriptionType": "EMAIL",
      "Address": "admin@empresa.com"
    }]
  }]'

Components:
1. Instance hours: $0.0116/hr (t2.micro)
2. EBS storage: $0.10/GB/mes (gp3)
3. Data transfer OUT: $0.09/GB
4. Elastic IP (si no attached): $0.005/hr
 
Ejemplo mensual:
t2.micro 24/7: $8.35
10 GB EBS: $1.00
5 GB transfer: $0.45
Total: $9.80/mes

Components:
1. Storage: $0.023/GB/mes (Standard)
2. Requests:
   - PUT: $0.005 per 1,000
   - GET: $0.0004 per 1,000
3. Data transfer OUT: $0.09/GB
 
100 GB storage:
Storage: $2.30/mes
10K PUTs: $0.05
100K GETs: $0.04
10 GB transfer: $0.90
Total: $3.29/mes

Components:
1. Instance: $0.017/hr (db.t3.micro)
2. Storage: $0.115/GB/mes (gp3)
3. Backup storage: Gratis hasta 100% DB size
4. Multi-AZ: 2x instance cost
 
db.t3.micro + 20GB:
Instance 24/7: $12.41/mes
Storage 20GB: $2.30/mes
Total Single-AZ: $14.71/mes
Total Multi-AZ: $27.12/mes

Compute:
$0.0000166667 per GB-second
 
Requests:
$0.20 per 1M requests
 
Free Tier:
1M requests
400,000 GB-seconds
 
Ejemplo:
5M requests/mes
256 MB memory
200ms avg duration
 
Requests: 5M × $0.20/1M = $1.00
Compute: 5M × 0.2s × 0.25GB × $0.0000166667 = $0.42
Total: $1.42/mes
 
(Primeros 1M requests gratis)

Steps:
1. Select services (EC2, S3, RDS, etc.)
2. Configure cada servicio:
   - Instance type
   - Hours of use
   - Storage
   - Data transfer
3. Add to estimate
4. Export (PDF, CSV)
 
Ejemplo estimate:
┌─────────────────┬──────────────┐
│ EC2 (2 t3.medium)│ $60.74/mes  │
│ RDS (db.t3.small)│ $24.82/mes  │
│ S3 (100 GB)      │ $2.30/mes   │
│ Data transfer    │ $9.00/mes   │
├─────────────────┼──────────────┤
│ Total           │ $96.86/mes  │
└─────────────────┴──────────────┘
 
Use para:
- Pre-sales estimates
- Migration cost analysis
- Budget planning

Muestra:
- Month-to-date charges
- Service breakdown
- Región breakdown
- Forecasted charges
 
Ejemplo:
November 2025 (MTD):
- EC2: $45.20
- S3: $12.30
- RDS: $28.50
- Data Transfer: $8.00
Total: $94.00
Forecast: $102 (end of month)

Visualización de costos:
- Graphs over time
- Filter by service, tag, account
- Forecast future costs
- Identify trends
 
Queries:
- "Show EC2 costs last 3 months"
- "Compare dev vs. prod costs"
- "Identify cost anomalies"

Set spending limits:
 
Budget types:
- Cost budget: $500/mes
- Usage budget: 100 EC2 hrs/mes
- Reservation budget: 80% utilization
 
Alerts:
- 50% threshold → email
- 80% threshold → email + SNS
- 100% threshold → email + SNS + stop instances (custom action)

Detailed billing data:
 
Format: CSV files en S3
Granularity: Hourly
Include:
- Line-item charges
- Resource IDs
- Tags
- Reservation info
 
Use:
- Import to data warehouse
- Custom analytics
- Chargeback entre teams

Problem: Instance oversized
 
Current: t3.large (2 vCPU, 8 GB)
Usage: 20% CPU, 2 GB RAM
Cost: $60/mes
 
Optimized: t3.small (2 vCPU, 2 GB)
Cost: $15/mes
Ahorro: $45/mes (75%)
 
Tool: AWS Compute Optimizer

Dev/Test instances corriendo 24/7:
 
5 t3.medium × 24/7: $150/mes
 
Optimizado (9am-6pm, Mon-Fri):
5 t3.medium × 45 hrs/week: $44/mes
Ahorro: $106/mes (71%)
 
Automation: Lambda stop/start

Common wastes:
- EBS volumes detached: $10/mes cada uno
- Elastic IPs not attached: $3.60/mes
- Old snapshots: $0.05/GB/mes
- Load balancers sin targets: $16/mes
 
Check mensualmente, delete

Batch processing:
 
On-Demand: $0.096/hr × 100 hrs = $9.60
Spot: $0.029/hr × 100 hrs = $2.90
Ahorro: $6.70 (70%)
 
For: Fault-tolerant workloads

Logs rotation:
 
Without lifecycle:
1 TB × 12 meses × $0.023 = $276/año
 
With lifecycle:
30d Standard: $2.30
60d IA: $1.50
270d Glacier: $1.08
Total: $4.88/año
Ahorro: $271 (98%)

Purpose: Cost allocation
 
Tags:
- Environment: prod, dev, test
- Project: website, mobile-app
- Team: engineering, marketing
- CostCenter: 1234
 
Ejemplo:
Resource: ec2-web-server-1
Tags:
  Environment: production
  Project: website
  Team: engineering
  CostCenter: 1234
 
Billing report:
Filter by Team=engineering → $2,500/mes
Filter by Environment=dev → $500/mes
Chargeback teams accordingly